Using electricity

The average household needs at least a 6000 watts unit to be able to power up all the appliances in that home.

Lighting

Common household electricity consumption. for lights per room is 0.1 kWh / h

 Incandescent bulbs produce light when an electric current passes through a filament and causes it to glow. Because they are less energy efficient than other light sources, they are best used for task lighting that demands high levels of brightness.

Tungsten-halogen incandescent bulbs produce a brighter and whiter light than other incandescent bulbs. They also have a longer life and provide more light per watt than standard incandescent bulbs, making them a more efficient choice.

Fluorescent bulbs produce light when an electric arc passes between cathodes to excite mercury and other gases producing radiant energy, which is then converted to visible light by a phosphor coating. They use 1/5 to 1/3 as much electricity as incandescents with comparable lumen ratings and last up to 20 times longer.

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) produce light when voltage is applied to negatively charged semiconductors, causing electrons to combine and create a unit of light (photon). In simpler terms, an LED is a chemical chip embedded in a plastic capsule. Because they are small, several LEDs are sometimes combined to produce a single light bulb. LED lighting in general is more efficient and longer
lasting than any other type of light source, and it is being developed for more and more applications within the home.


Heating

Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include space heating, cooking, water heating and industrial processes. An electric heater is an electrical device that converts electric current to heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current passing through a resistor will convert that electrical energy into heat energy. Most modern electric heating devices use nickel-chrome wire as the active element.
  • An electric water heater or geyser with a 60 gallon (227 liter) tank has a 4 500 W heating element, which at 100% efficiency results in a heating time of about 2.34 hours.
  • Electric showers have electric heating elements incorporated into the shower heads to instantly heat the water as it flows through. The power consumption of electric showers in the maximum heating setting is about 5.5 kW for 120 V and 7.5 kW for 220 V. The lower costs with electric showers compared to the higher costs with geysers is due to the time of use: an electric shower uses energy only during the water flow, while a boiler works many times a day to keep a quantity of standing water hot for use throughout the day and night.
  • Oven – 3 400 W
  • Microwave – 750 W
  • Clothes Washer – 2.3kWh each use
  • Clothes Dryer – 3.3 kWh each us
Scientists at the University of Tokyo announced in 2015 that they had created a material that could store up heat and then release it on command, with just a little bit of pressure applied. The material is a ceramic called stripe-type-lambda-trititanium-pentoxide. It can release stored heat with the application of pressure. It can also use light or an electrical current to store energy that can be released as heat.

 Cooling

Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Refrigeration has many applications, including, but not limited to: household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning.
  • Refrigerator – 4.8 kWh / day
  • Deep freezer – 500 W
  • Fan – 75 W
Electric motors and tools

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator. In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force within the motor. In certain applications, such as in the transportation industry with traction motors, electric motors can operate in both motoring and generating or braking modes to also produce electrical energy from mechanical energy..

Information, Entertainment and Communicating

Mobile phone, Internet and TV are the most sought after services in urban and rural communities alike and none of them can work without electricity
While 4 watts are enough to charge a mobile phone, it takes 200 watts to operate a desktop computer and about 50 watts for a laptop.
  • Laptop – 0.05 kWh / h
  • DVD/PS3/Xbox – 100 W
  • Flat Screen TV – 0.1 kWh / h

Transportation


 An electric vehicle(EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery or generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electrically powered space vehicles.


  • Tesla Motors began development in 2004 on the Tesla Roadster, which was first delivered to customers in 2008. Tesla Motors uses laptop -size cells for the battery packs of its electric cars, which are 3 to 4 times cheaper than dedicated electric car battery packs of other auto makers. Dedicated battery packs cost $700–$800 per kilowatt hour, while battery packs using small laptopcells cost about $200.




By mid-2015 7he following electric cars were on the market:




 Electric motorcycle manufacturers include 
Electric scooters: the primary commercial production supplier for worldwide markets, is 
  • Z Electric Vehicle. 
  • The BMW C Evolution electric scooter was released in Germany in May 2014. 
  • Honda participated in European lease demonstration and driving tests for its electric scooter in 2012 but has not yet announced its availability for sale. 
  • Terra Motors, a Japanese electric vehicle maker, will begin selling electric scooters in India by 2015. 
  • Gogoro announced a swappable battery electric scooter at CES 2015.


Bolt Motorbikes  is a San Francisco-based startup that makes electric motorbikes. The Bolt M-1 is the first Bolt bike off the line. The bike is keyless and can start with a unique passcode or from your smartphone. The Bolt app will locate your vehicle and also comes with a USB port for plugging in your smartphone while on the go. Bolt bikes start in economy or sport mode, depending on how much power you want to utilize. Economy mode will speed up to 20 mph, and sport has a little more power from the start, revving up to 40 mph. Economy mode can take the Bolt 50 miles on a single charge and sport mode will go 35 miles on a charge if you are going an average of 35 mph. 



The Zero S Electric Motorcycle  features advanced cell chemistry and battery management systems that provide greater capacity and range. Not only does the power pack enable you to go beyond 150 miles, it is also designed to last the life of the motorcycle. The highly efficient on board charger minimizes charge time and can work in parallel with Zero’s scalable off-board charging systems.


Airbus E-Fan has two electric motors, 32 kW each, driving a pair of ducted, variable pitch fans positioned toward the center line of the carbon fiber composite body, which quickly and quietly get the E-Fan to a take off speed of 110 km/h (68 mph), 160 km/h cruising speed and a top speed of over 200 km/h. The aircraft also has an electrically-driven aft main wheel to taxi and assist with acceleration during take off. Its 29 kWh Li-ion 18650 batteries can be found in the inboard section of the wings (catering for ventilation and passive cooling) and offer from 45 minutes to an hour of flight time per charge, with the design also allowing for battery pack hotswaps. Electrical system management is undertaken by a full authority digital control to reduce pilot workload. Much of what the Airbus Group has learned over the last few years will be incorporated into the "world's first series production electric planes" – the E-Fan 2.0 and 4.0 aircraft. Work on the new all-electric, battery-powered two-seater pilot training version and the four person hybrid electric motor/combustion engine version will be undertaken by Voltair SAS, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Airbus, which will also offer post-production services.


Pipistrel produces the Alpha Electro which is their 5th electric aircraft project and the second to result in a commercial product.


On June 10 2015, a NASA astronaut from Italy, Maurizio Cheli, set a world record for piloting the fully electric SkySpark. The flight lasted for eight-minute at the World Air Games 2009 in Turin, Italy. Maurizio Cheli hit a top speed of 155 mph (250 km/h). That’s a record speed for a 100-percent electrically powered aircraft.


Surveying

Micro electric drones are used for quick and less costly topographic and other surveys.


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